Availability of heat, as well as vacuum, is a basic factor for drying processes. The most frequent configuration of heating and cooling systems provides for a "hot" and a "cold" primary circuits which, through appropriately sized heat exchangers, control a "closed loop" secondary circuit filled with water, glycol mixtures or diathermic oils. 

The secondary circuit is directly connected to the heating circuit (jacket or half pipe) of the dryer. 

Other configurations with direct injection of primary circuit fluids can be designed. 

Heating and cooling systems can be delivered mounted on a skid or, where more convenient, can be assembled on site.